The human body causes Ferritin levels to rise for two reasons: as an acute-phase reactant and as a result of iron-overload disorders.
Ferritin falls into the category of an acute-phase proteins (APPs), a group of proteins that increase in the blood due to the onset of acute infections, in an inflammatory process called acute-phase reaction. The acute-phase reaction involves the proliferation of peripheral leukocytes (white blood cells), including neutrophils and their inflammatory precursors. It is this role Ferritin plays in the acute onset of COVID-19 infection. This is why covid19-infected individuals often have elevated ferritin levels.
The Iron-overload relationship with ferritin does not play a role in COVID-19 positive patients, only in patients with iron-overload disorders, such as hemochromatosis and others.
C-reactive protein (CRP), a liver protein, also belongs to the acute-phase reaction group of proteins that increases during acute infections such as covid-19. Therefore, if CRP levels are also elevated along with ferritin, then this confirms that the elevated ferritin is due to a true acute-phase reaction and not due to any other reactions. As a result of this, clinicians often order a rapid CRP lab test along with a rapid ferritin lab test if COVID-19 is suspected.
Clinicians use the D-dimer test to help them treat COVID-19 patients. D-dimer derives from the the degradation of Blood clots by the body.
A Blood clot produces small protein fragments (fibrin degradation product) after being degraded by fibrinolysis. This means that the clinician would rather their patients have low d-Dimer levels less than 150 ng/dL. The higher the levels of D-dimer fragments found in the blood the more blood clots have formed in the blood. More blood clot means a higher chance of thromboembolisms or thrombus or clots breaking off to clog blood vessels. If this occurs in the lungs, it is called a pulmonary embolism, if it occurs in the brain, it could cause a stroke. To prevent blood clots become life-threatening, clinicians prescribes anticoagulants, such as heparin, coumadin, warfarin, etc.
Clinicians order a D-dimer lab test to find out the likelihood of mortality in people suffering from COVID-19. A four-fold increase in the D-dimer value of patients with COVID-19 signals possible mortality.
COVID-19 infection appears to initiate a cascade of vasoconstrictive responses throughout the body, including constriction of blood vessels within the pulmonary circulation and constriction of airways, causing tightness, pressure and pain in the chest, which further decreases the flow of oxygen into the lungs and the flow of carbon dioxide outside of the lungs.
The heart is also susceptible to COVID-19 infection as a result of its abondance of ACE2 receptors, a prime reason for infection.
Another common factor causing mortality in COVID-19 positive patients is complications relating to the kidney. Researchers at John Hopkins Medicine found that COVID-19 positive patients who never had kidney problems before their COVID19 infection, now have kidney damage.
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/coronavirus-kidney-damage-caused-by-covid19
Scientists use Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques to detect genetic information.
The RT-PCR version detects SARS-Cov-2 RNA, the same virus that causes COVID-19.
Testing laboratories frequently choose PCR as a frontline test for COVID-19.
The CDC provides detailed information on all things relating to COVID-19
The RT-PCR test produces results in 3-4 hours.
It performs testing with a level of sensitivity, reliability, and speed.
If the test must be sent to external laboratories,
results can be expected to take from 6-8 hours on average.
Several companies operating in research and diagnostics produce RT-PCR products.
Companies that develop testing analyzers or machines incorporate the RT-PCR technique into their systems.
Clinical Laboratories then use these analyzers or machines to test individuals for COVID-19 infections.
There is also all-in-one RT-PCR kits available for testing, which reduces laboratory handling of the test.
All-in-one RT-PCR kits reduce accidental contamination of samples.
According to the CDC, know how COVID-19 spreads.
No Vaccine is currently available that will prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
The most effective way to prevent illness is to avoid being infected by this virus.
COVID-19 spreads itself mainly from person-to-person:
Wash hands after all activities involve using hands.